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It is apparent that you speak from ideology, without knowledge in some area and not accepting that the degree of interconnection within the country and throughout the world makes policies you espouse unrealistic. Like it or not there are many things where the nation is the community.
Now to the details. They are going to be long because things are not as simple as some would make them.
Interest on Debt Can't do unless you are ready to default thus, unrealistic
I suggest we live within our means and pay off our debt
Do not disagree.. Surplus with Clinton...deficits with Bush. Therefore Bush's fault
Deficit not due to SS which takes in more than it pays out.Social Security Administration Currently pays for itself and more. Eliminate safety net. Who would support parents, grandparents, survivors
The overspending and taxation of government reduces savings and investment. Children and communities (CHARITY, NOT GOVT) have an obligation to take care of the elderly in society.
Uniformity in care essential otherwise people will migrate to communities with better help. Used to happen in the 50's-60's. Children in communities such as SE Ohio can't support parents granparents as well as children in Central Ohio.Health and Human Services Runs NIH (supports research) CDC takes care of infectious diseases outbreaks food safety
Why can't this be done in the private sector? The research and medicine is privately driven. The CDC is simply another bureaucratic inefficiency
The private sector does not do basic research. It takes what is discovered by scientists with NIH grants and applies it. NIH grants also trains the scientists that will eventually work both in instituions and in the private sector. NIH labs work on low incidence diseases where there is not enough "profit" to be made. CDC is one of the best investments. It is the sentinel for potentially imported disease,(like the current importation of tuberculosis extra resistant to antibiotics. It also helps trace outbreaks like the lettuce a couple of years ago. As long as products and people move nationally and internationally this function is critical for safety.Dept. of Agriculture Food safety, research on crops, farm subsidies
You should watch Food, Inc. and tell me what you think of the USDA. Research is done on the private side and the subsidies only support Big AG and drive small farmers our of business here and abroad by undercutting costs
I think USDA is underfunded for what it is supposed to do to safeguard the food supply. (today's example) http://abcnews.go.com/Business/wireStory?id=9434195>
Again it supports research (plant diseases) that private sector does not do becausethere is no immediate payoff. As far as subsidies are concerned it is not USDA but Congress that mandates that.Department of Labor OSHA safety in the workplace. Mine safety. Labor statistics. Training .
Why does the Federal government need to do this? Can't this be handled by the states, if necessary?
Uniformity essential not only for the safety of the workers but to insure that regulations are uniform so that competitive advantages do not come at the expense of the safety or workers.
Department of Education Go to
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_EducationWhat did you want me to see, how large and unconstitutional it is? Did you bother to read the article on Subsidiarity?
Why is the department unconstitutional? Some of its actions may be considered by some to be unconstitutional and those people are free to challenge them in court. But here again we are faced with a world view. The country can't rely on individual communities doing what is good for the country. An uneducated (in modern terms) person is a detriment to the country. The competition with the rest of the world has to be nationalized and this means the federal government using carrots and sticks to bring about a level of competitiveness that communities by themselves may not be able to achieve. It is better to educate a child from SE Ohio so that when he/she comes here he/she does not become a local problem.Housing and Urban Development Deals with housing for the poor, elderly disabled. Renewal of cities
Again, states can handle this.
Not all states are in equal position to do so, you will have migration to "better" states. WV, Ky and TN sent many folks to Ohio during the 50s/60sDepartment of Energy Nuclear research, research in alternate energy sources.
This is done in the private sector. What happened when Bush pushed Ethanol, corn prices were inflated. Government politicizes the issue.
DOE operates Livermore Labs where atomic research is done. Private sector is liscenced to run labs but would not invest in infrastructure etc. DOE, DOA both sponsored the basic research on ethanol. Industry used the research.
Department of Homeland Security Of course you are kidding
We had plenty of agencies within DOD and State to handle this prior to 2001. As admitted, bureaucracy and poor communication were the problems. Aside from hassles at the airport and billions of dollars being wasted, what changed between 9/11/2001 and 12/25/2009? We like to think that efforts were stopped, but there is no proof. Are you willing to believe everything the government tells you?
Hard to prove/disprove a negative.
International Assistance Programs Military assistance to friends, food assistance (both give work internally)CHARITY NOT GOVERNMENT
Diplomacy and defense actually gives work at home and money to farmersDepartment of Interior National Parks, Land managment
Feds grabbing land from states
Lets get rid of parks.. Most land administered by Fed when states territories. Alaska purchased with Fed money not state money. Thus theoretically you could say that Alaska's oil belong to all of us and we are also entitled to the royalties. Don't hold your breath. 
Department of Commerce Foreign trade
I agree, but the seem to use the Commerce Clause to grab whatever power they want. I wouldn't bothered if they stuck to what you mention
Congress and not the department decides on what the department does. National Science Foundation Scientific research
PRIVATE SECTOR. RESEARCH IS NOT A PUBLIC GOOD
See NIH. NSF funds basic research in areas other than that with medical implications.
Three make up the greatest part of the budget. Defense, HHSn and the debt. Everything else probably comes up to what DOD spends.
So the tax saving would be little.
NEGATIVE. That would be a huge savings. If the government didn't overspend and debt payments were a non issue, there's another chunk.
Get rid of the welfare state, follow subsidiarity. Allow communities to take care of their own as they know best.
And if the best is nothing?Suggest you read Centesiimus annus iitself instead of getting it selectively filtered. Section 19 is worth reading